Pertanggungjawaban Berlapis Prajurit atas Tindak Pidana Judi Online

Abstract

This study aims to analyse the layered liability framework applicable to members of the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) involved in online gambling offences and to formulate a law enforcement model through the military justice system that is responsive to the development of cybercrime. The rapid expansion of online gambling has penetrated the military environment and generated legal uncertainty due to the concurrent application of the National Criminal Code, the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, the Military Discipline Law, the Military Justice Law, and the Indonesian National Armed Forces Law, creating overlapping legal responsibilities. This condition highlights the urgency of developing a coherent legal framework capable of integrating criminal and disciplinary liability within a single legal system. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, supported by descriptive-analytical legal analysis through grammatical, systematic, and teleological interpretation. The novelty of this research lies in the formulation of the Layered Liability concept as an integrated legal model combining criminal law, military disciplinary law, and the military justice system into a complementary framework. The findings reveal that soldiers involved in online gambling may simultaneously incur criminal and disciplinary liability without violating the ne bis in idem principle. Furthermore, effective law enforcement requires regulatory harmonisation, strengthened electronic evidence standards, enhanced digital forensic capacity, and institutional coordination to ensure legal certainty while maintaining military professionalism and institutional integrity.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaturan pertanggungjawaban berlapis terhadap prajurit Tentara Nasional Indonesia (TNI) yang melakukan tindak pidana judi online serta merumuskan model penegakan hukum melalui sistem peradilan militer yang adaptif terhadap perkembangan kejahatan siber. Fenomena judi online yang semakin berkembang telah menjangkau lingkungan militer dan menimbulkan persoalan hukum karena berlakunya secara bersamaan ketentuan dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana Nasional, Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik, Undang-Undang Hukum Disiplin Militer, Undang-Undang Peradilan Militer, dan Undang-Undang Tentara Nasional Indonesia yang berpotensi menimbulkan tumpang tindih pertanggungjawaban hukum. Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan urgensi perlunya konstruksi hukum yang mampu mengintegrasikan pertanggungjawaban pidana dan pertanggungjawaban disiplin dalam satu sistem yang harmonis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual, dan pendekatan kasus yang dianalisis secara deskriptif-analitis melalui penafsiran gramatikal, sistematis, dan teleologis. Kebaruan penelitian terletak pada perumusan konsep Layered Liability sebagai model pertanggungjawaban berlapis yang mengintegrasikan hukum pidana, hukum disiplin militer, dan sistem peradilan militer sebagai satu kesatuan yang saling melengkapi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prajurit pelaku judi online dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban pidana dan pertanggungjawaban disiplin secara bersamaan tanpa melanggar asas ne bis in idem, sedangkan model penegakan hukum yang efektif memerlukan harmonisasi regulasi, penguatan pembuktian elektronik, peningkatan kapasitas forensik digital, serta koordinasi antarlembaga guna menjamin kepastian hukum dan profesionalisme institusi militer.