Implementasi Nilai Kemanusiaan KUHP Nasional dalam Perlindungan Hukum Kebencanaan

Edy Santoso; Ni Nyoman Tri Partini

Authors

Edy Santoso Universitas Safin Pati Author
Ni Nyoman Tri Partini Universitas Safin Pati Author

Keywords:

Bencana, Kemanusiaan, Korban, Penyelamatan, Perlindungan

Abstract

This study aims to analyse the implementation of humanitarian values in the Indonesian National Criminal Code in providing legal protection for disaster victims and personnel of the National Search and Rescue Agency (BASARNAS), while formulating a legal protection framework capable of balancing legal certainty, justice, and humanitarian principles. Natural disasters place victims in highly vulnerable situations where the rights to life and personal security are seriously threatened, whereas BASARNAS personnel are required to make immediate rescue decisions that may expose them to criminal liability. This condition highlights the necessity of analysed humanitarian values within the National Criminal Code to ensure effective legal protection during disaster response. This research employs a normative juridical method with descriptive-analytical specifications through statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, using primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials analysed qualitatively with a prescriptive legal analysis. The novelty of this study lies in the development of the dual legal protection concept, which integrates legal protection for disaster victims and BASARNAS personnel within a single humanitarian framework under the National Criminal Code. The findings demonstrate that humanitarian values should be implemented through the criminalisation of obstruction of rescue efforts to safeguard victims, while simultaneously recognising grounds of justification and excuse for rescue personnel acting within their legal authority, in good faith, and in accordance with standard operating procedures. This framework establishes a balanced relationship between the protection of human rights, legal certainty, and substantive justice in disaster rescue operations.

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis implementasi nilai kemanusiaan dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana Nasional terhadap perlindungan hukum bagi korban dan petugas Badan Nasional Pencarian dan Pertolongan (BASARNAS) pada situasi bencana alam serta merumuskan konstruksi perlindungan hukum yang mampu menyeimbangkan kepastian hukum, keadilan, dan kemanusiaan. Bencana alam menempatkan korban pada kondisi yang sangat rentan terhadap pelanggaran hak hidup dan hak atas rasa aman, sementara petugas BASARNAS harus mengambil tindakan cepat yang berpotensi menimbulkan konsekuensi hukum pidana. Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan perlunya implementasi nilai kemanusiaan dalam KUHP Nasional sebagai dasar perlindungan hukum yang mampu menjawab kebutuhan penanggulangan bencana secara efektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi deskriptif-analitis melalui pendekatan perUndang-Undangan, konseptual, dan komparatif, menggunakan bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier yang dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan teknik analisis preskriptif. Kebaruan penelitian terletak pada pengembangan konsep dual legal protection, yaitu konstruksi perlindungan hukum yang mengintegrasikan perlindungan korban dan petugas BASARNAS dalam satu kerangka implementasi nilai kemanusiaan KUHP Nasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai kemanusiaan harus dioperasionalkan melalui kriminalisasi terhadap penghalangan pertolongan untuk menjamin perlindungan korban serta penerapan alasan pembenar dan alasan pemaaf bagi petugas yang bertindak berdasarkan kewenangan, iktikad baik, dan standar operasional prosedur sehingga tercipta keseimbangan antara perlindungan hak asasi manusia, kepastian hukum, dan keadilan dalam penyelenggaraan operasi penyelamatan.

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